The Potentials And Implementations Of Biocompost In Malaysia: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Bio-composting represents an eco-friendly and sustainable approach to recycling organic waste into nutrient-rich compost enriched with beneficial microorganisms. This review elucidates the definition, essential materials, processes, and emerging technologies associated with bio-composting. Moreover, it examines its implementation and the potential benefits within the Malaysian context, where sustainable waste management remains a critical challenge. Defined as a controlled aerobic decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms, bio-composting transforms waste into a stable, humus-like substance that serves as a valuable soil amendment. In particular, Malaysia—being the world’s second-largest palm oil producer—generates substantial organic waste, including palm oil mill effluent and agricultural byproducts, which are highly suitable for bio-composting. This method not only mitigates the environmental burden but also supports the agricultural sector by enhancing soil fertility. The process encompasses key steps such as selecting appropriate feedstocks, regulating moisture and aeration, and maintaining optimal temperature and pH levels. Effective control of these parameters is essential for efficient composting. Consequently, bio-composting emerges as a viable and sustainable alternative to conventional waste disposal practices in developing nations.